Chemistry in Our Lives

â€Å"Better living through better chemistry† Chemistry affects our lives in many different ways, everyday. The air you inhale everyday is an element called hydrogen. Chemistry affects us in good ways and bad ways. So, I decided to do it in both points of view. Without chemistry our lives wouldn't be as easy it is right now but there is a other side to it. Without chemistry we wouldn't have communication, transportation, medicine, and technology .If it wasn't for chemistry we would have to send messages with messengers like it was years ago, now we can even see each other without being physically there. Alot of people survive because of chemistry; for example when there is a tsunami alert or any natural disaster, the alert is being said by technology, if it wasn't for this many people would die.Our transportation is a big invention as well. We can travel many places in days when by car than traveling by horse with no heater or air condition, having suffer with the weather and it'll take months to get to places rather than traveling by a vechicule. Our supplies are transported by trains, we don't suffer from our neccessities, we don't have to wait for them.When there is an emergency, there's an ambulance that's created for emergencies with red, yellow, and light blue lights and also it makes a loud noise which lets other drivers to move out the way. If it wasn't for chemistry, there would be a lot of people dying from diseases, posinous animal bites, toxic chemicals, etc. Babies are vaccinated to make their immune system strong enough to fight against many diseases and infections, trying to prevent tragedies.Antibiotics are very important as well. Antibiotics have been the cure to many diseases, by killing or stopping the growth of bacteria. Before plants, fungi, and lichen were used to try heal infections. We have medicine at the reach of our hands. Have a headache? Take a pill. Can't sleep? Take Night-quil. There always seem to be a solution to our ache s.

An essayist writing skills Essay

‘Education matters’; the academic distinction as seen within the essayist is the peak of personal pride and the prime of the essayist. This is the backdrop of his imagery skill and panache as he seeks to make the issue figurative and argumentative and in his situation hypothetical. Within the context, he redefines the role of education with the general public. This is his onset to express his insight about what the general public thinks about situations that reflect on those it knows. â€Å"BOY. Drop out of school and that’s what they’ll call you the rest of your life. ‘Drop out’ is figurative and intrinsically variable. It is an expression of discontent towards a situation and the person in the situation. It is a moral insight and one that the essayist seeks to use to make a case against his distinguished position as a disadvantaged worker in a workplace which is far much below his qualifications. ‘Drop out’ is what offsets his passion to describe, discuss and put forward his case. It is what could make you a scorn yet even without the valuable education you are the same match to the drop out. Today I saw them saying something else’ is a passionate and morose appeal to his pride gained from the value of education to make him recognizable. He is now a minnow and below the centre of social repute and distinctiveness of an individual. Within these profound contexts within the essayist situation analysis and his insights about the repercussions of manoeuvres to attain academic distinction yet plunge into a sea of misrecognition by being compared and working as one of those detested and referred as public scorns for their minimal academic capacity is insulting and confusing. To him, it is ailing his conscience. They were untrue in part; it turns out that you’ll get called â€Å"boy† if you do work that others don’t respect even if you have a Ph. D. It isn’t education that counts, but the job in which you land. This is his perspective, to expound on the uselessness of education comparatively to his situation analysis. Here we see a subtle cry and his way of comparing his fate. It is an emotional and socially perceptive ideology. Emotional, since he is worried that he learned and hoped to supersede social implications and join the league of the learned employed who influence and are the pride of the society. Yet he is now among the least recognized and looked down on. ‘It turns out that you’ll get called â€Å"boy† if you do work that others don’t respect even if you have a PhD’ This is his point on this perspective, he is learned and qualified yet he works as a lemon cutter and he is not even recognized at the workplace let alone by the barmaid. This point showcases the writers wit and it’s within this context we decipher the judicious self- exposure of the writer’s own character. He is objective and determined a listener and an analytical person. â€Å"Are you the boy who cuts the lemons? This is where we discover he is frustrated and feels insulted by circumstances. He is grappling with reality. His point explains the discontentment of the protagonist about his career and the relevancy to his assertion about education being important and suddenly the realization that it is not on some circumstances† I’m the man who does’ It is his acceptance of his fate and an expression of conformity to the circumstances that he is now pitted in. He finds no discourse in segregating his position due to his education background hence accepts his fate and position as a social perceptiveness. He is no longer focussed on making his moral authority within the academic faculties to spell out his elite nature as farcified by the billboard impression. â€Å"Are you the boy who cuts the lemons? I’m the man who does’ is an expression of his seeking to make some points clear within the workplace. It is a coupled methodology of making a case clear, emotive and correlative to his perspective. This is imagery and metaphoric distinctiveness. His workmates don’t even recognize him as an integral part of the workplace. The name boy is contentious and he seeks to address the problem of misrecognition by creating a scenario that imparts his distinctiveness which within the workplace is not recognizable. The workmates are oblivious of his qualifications. Here he seeks to make us identify with his vast knowledge which so far he deems useless. In his two expressions which seek to vilify his potential, he mentions that the maid didn’t realize is reply that ‘he is the man who does it, not the boy who does it’ He is making it clear that he is qualified to be in a better and more professional position. Secondly his reflections ‘They assumed that some people just won’t learn respect for others, so you should adapt yourself to them. Don’t try to change them. Get the right job and they won’t call you boy any more. They’ll save it for the next man. It isn’t just people like this one waitress who learn slowly, if at all. We see lamentations here. He is metaphoric ‘that some people just won’t learn respect for others, so you should adapt yourself to them’ and figurative in context Get the right job and they won’t call you boy any more’. Auspiciously he is figurative in seeking to identify and correlate with the college scenario of the ‘wombats’ and metaphorical as he seeks to put in place the generalization of excellence and academic capacity as a triviality within workplace on a situation in which, the protagonist is doing the same thing with those without any distinctive capacity so as to make ends meet. He is emphatic, lamentative and perspective as he seeks to make his lingering acrimonious reservation to the degradation of his moral position though he has an invariable better and dignified capacity than what he seems to view as his detractor within the workplace. Certainly I won’t forget being called a boy today’ The essayist is using word play to make clear a case of emotions he felt when he was undermined and that he made emphatic efforts to make the scenario change to his favour to no avail. On the basis of dialogue, the writer is seen to converse with the waitress who seems to be merely up to no positive perspectives in the conversation. It is in this conversation the writer denounces the waitress and makes the issue of recognition within workplace contentious. This is as seen in this conversation with the waitress and the cook Dana â€Å"Are you the boy who cuts the lemons? † I’m the man who does, â€Å"I replied. â€Å"Well, there are none cut. † There wasn’t even a hint that she heard my point. Dana, who has cooked here for twelve years or so, heard that exchange,. â€Å"It’s no use, Jack,† he said when she was gone. â€Å"If she doesn’t know now, she never will. † Imagery is the integral in his prose and his title ‘from man to boy’ is indicative of his perspective to use imagery. He has a varying penchant for long figurative and satirical sentences to make clear some of his sentiments. This is seen as he sums up his forlorn though deciphered from the waitress looking down on him situation. ‘It didn’t take much persuasion to get the name dropped. Today there are few students who remember it at all. But I imagine the cleaning women remember it well. Certainly I won’t forget being called a boy today. ’ He is coupling exposition and dialogue while at the same time making an inclusion of ethos to actualize his point.

Readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Readings - Essay Example However, time is limited and progressive even as the individual undergoes the cycles. Many of the creatures that appear around or live in the river are significantly associated with the Egyptian gods and goddess. Moreover, the striking fertility of the Nile as compared to the barren condition of the barren land in Egypt made the Egyptians believe that their deities were dwelling around this fertile place. the Nun, Ogdoad, and the primordial Egyptian gods are believed to have lived around the Nile. The river acted as physical evidence that augmented Egyptian mythologies as many people could see the river. Geographically, Egypts Nile River valley was comparatively secluded from other hubs of civilization and the Egyptian religion remained unscathed by the views of foreign philosophies. The diverse pantheon of deities that existed fueled civilization and evolution of the myth that was meant to explain the world. The geographical, especially the apt weather in the Nile region, conditions also presented an inordinate opportunity for the Egyptians to explore their world a factor that significantly contributed to the rise of civilization. Various challenges confronted the Egyptians and had to devise elucidations and/or solutions. The availability of the Nile was an inordinate opportunity for the Egyptians to invent technologies that will enable them harness and reap maximally from the natural water source that was believed to be of utter significance in their existence. The legends and religious beliefs of the ancient Quichà © Maya who inhabited Guatemala are expertly described in the Popol Vuh. It starts with an exploration of the anthropomorphic lineages and clinches with a regnal pedigree, to assert that the Maya people rule the land by divine right. The Popol Vuh shows the various attempts that the maya deity did in an effort to create and transform the Maya people. The indigenous

Social Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Research - Essay Example Another problem is how to be objective and, at the same time, practical, because the researcher wants to understand society as well as to change it or transform it with the findings of the research. (Myrdal, 1969). 2.- There is an irrational taboo about discussing the influences of tradition, environment, and personality of the researcher. So the aim of the sociology of social sciences should be to destroy that irrational taboo, and the philosophy of social sciences should be aimed at finding logical means for achieving objectivity in social research. The latter is the topic of Myrdal's essay. Sociology and philosophy of social science research are important since they try to avoid systematic biases in research and faulty knowledge. The theoretical knowledge is related to cause and effects issues, and the practical or political knowledge is related to the means and ends issues. (Myrdal, 1969). 3.- The solution of the logical means is to dsicover the valuations that are actually determining the theoretical and the practical research, to find the relevance, significance, and feasibility of them in order to transform them into specific value premises for research, and to determine the approach and define the concepts in terms of value premises that have been explicitly stated. (Myrdal, 1969). 5.- Beliefs are the ideas about how reali... Through comparison it can be detected if the beliefs are true or false. But valuations are very complex since they are shifting and contradictory. It can be argued that behavior happens through selective focusing and it is really opportunistic. Besides that it can be stated that there are higher and lower valuations. Most of the time lower valuations are selfish in the process of rationalization when the individual tries to find good reasons that are not true reasons behind his/her behavior. So Myrdal argues that "All ignorance, like all knowledge, is opportunist." Private or personal opinions and public or political opinions are different most of the time. (Myrdal, 1969). 6.- Social research questionnaires should include quantitative questions in which the respondents could not give their valuations about reality. 7.- In order to measure the valuations of the respondents a different set of questions should be conducted for measuring them indirectly. Myrdal's ideas are very important for the researcher to be taken into account when conducting social research due to the fact that biases and faulty knowledge can be avoided in a systematic way. The issues related to the irrational taboo about the influences of tradition, environment, and personality should also be addressed appropriately by the researcher. A good research should differentiate among the concepts of opinions, beliefs, and valuations. By doing so the researcher can infer facts and policies of real value for the research community. The aim is to come up with valid and reliable data from the social science research that can be useful for understanding and transforming the social

Brown University and its Ties to Slavery Research Paper

Brown University and its Ties to Slavery - Research Paper Example This occurred during a time when slavery was considered a normal part of the socio-economic life in New England and Rhode Island, and slaves formed a sizeable population within the states. When Brown University was established, Rhode Island was the main center in trans-Atlantic human trafficking where over a period of 100 years almost 100,000 Africans were forced into slavery. From the Brown report which showed Brown University to have profited from funds that originated from slave trade, it can be assumed that other institutions (which were established around the same era) may have the same past as Brown University. Outline 1. Abstract: Gives a brief summary of the entire paper 2. Introduction: introduces the topic to the reader, giving a brief glimpse of how funds from slave trade and slave related businesses helped to establish American institutions of higher education 3. Background study on American slavery: this segment gives an overview on the slave trade and US slavery that wa s widely prevalent during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. 4. Slavery in New England and Rhode Island: gives a brief review of the slavery in the northern US (New England and Rhode Island) at the time Brown University was established. It helps one understand the socio-economic conditions (as regards slavery) that prevailed in the region when Brown University was established. 5. The Brown University and its link with slavery: this shows how the Brown family was directly involved in slave trading and how money from slave related businesses from other donors went into establishing the University, thus forging a link that tied the University’s past with slavery. 1 Literature review 1.1 Introduction In a report published by the Brown University in October 2006, there were evidences that showed financial proceedings from slave trade went to establishing the university, while slave labor was used for building the college campus (Johnson, 2006). Historical data suggests that beside s Brown University, a majority of the US’s famous academic institutions for higher studies starting from Harvard University to College of William and Mary were built by slave economy and labor (Wilder, 2010). Reports show that Harvard Law School was established with the help of funds that came in from selling slaves to the Caribbean sugar plantations in the Caribbean (Puryear, 2006). The library of the Yale University was founded from donations made by slave owners and traders, while the University of Virginia was designed and funded by Thomas Jefferson (a slave owner), and slave labor was used to build the University complex (Puryear, 2006). In fact, the economy that was derived from slave trade helped to shape the financial future of many American higher educational institutions while influencing politics of institution affected educational culture and curricula within the then new American republic (Wilder, 2010). Commercial trade in slavery (also known as the

Business to Business Marketing-SPSL Case Study Essay

Business to Business Marketing-SPSL Case Study - Essay Example Yet at the same time, personal selling is expensive. It costs a company much more to make a face-to-face sales call than it does to contact customers through a call centre or the web (Zoltners, Sinha & Lorimer, 2009.p.6). Consequently a sales force is most appropriately deployed to select customers, products and selling activities; specifically, those for which the benefit is worth the cost. When deployed to the right opportunities, an effective sales force is an invaluable asset for a B2B company; a powerful customer-facing force that can be a source of considerable competitive advantage. In Saxons case, the sales force will be by far the most relied upon department within the organization. This is mainly because they are required to deal directly with the customers and every other department within the organization relies on them to bring in the business. Typically, they are the only department which brings in money; everything else generates costs (Blythe & Zimmerman, 2005.p.252). It has been observed that a very good sales force, one that has talented salespeople who engage in the right selling activities produces at least 10 percent more revenues in the short term than an average sales force of the same force. In the long term, the revenue impact can be much greater: 50 percent or more. However, it is not a guarantee that everything will go well with Saxon once a sales force in place. Due to the criticalness and power of the sales force they become difficult to control, direct and manage. The fact that they are dominated by motivated people who bring in capabilities and values it also means that they bring egos and the need for security and meaning (Lilien & Grewal, 2012.p.522). Unlike advertising, salespeople cannot be turned on and off. Unlike a...Because the purchase is for the company; rather that for own use, the value presented in the merchandise must be seen as actual and functional as opposed to conceptual and representative (Wright, 2006.p.455). N ot all benefits associated with the brand name are emotional benefits and B2B buyers will be interested in corporate branding as this can be a sign of reliance and worth, service and extensive value when associating with a respectable and established organisation. Lastly, there is the issue of competition. In most B2B markets competition is as intense as is in B2C markets but, because consumers want different benefits than business buyers, it tends to be of a different kind, Competition in B2C markets is just as likely to be on the product and service brands as it is on price, while in B2B it is more likely to be on functional benefits offered and after-sales-service as it is on the brand or the price (Davis, 2010.p.8). Although price is important in the latter market, functionality and reliability can be crucial as a dysfunction in some way would be catastrophic in terms of lost production or disrupted services. Rivalry in B2B markets emanate from comparatively small number of organizations and organisational behaviour will be founded on such aspects as key partnerships. On the other hand, rivalry in B2C markets will emanate from multiple retailers and a variety of diverse merchandise and brands based on the consumer’s continuously var ying demands.

Tax return problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tax return problem - Essay Example For instance, the capsizing of Paul’s boat is not exempted from the tax imposed on his income, but his sale of shares and the profits that he made from the sale of Acme shares are included in the tax thus increasing the amount he is taxed overall. Secondly, the addition of the extension to their house to accommodate Hanna, leads to an increase in the property tax. Another major consideration that has to be imposed is the child support they receive from Bob, since the paper requires the child tax laws to be ignored. Such considerations had to be included in the calculation process. Primarily, income, expenditure and property changes schedule were included to evaluate the changes in the amounts. After the schedule was evaluated, then the tax calculations were made. The focus was put on the changes in the tax, using the same ratio as that imposed by the IRS on previous incomes. Alternatively, all the additional incomes would be collectively collected and then taxed. Additionally, the unreimbursed expenses that Paul underwent were not considered, as the latest the tax refund will be made is in December 2012. This shows that despite the fact that they were unreimbursed, by the time the refund is made the tax will have already been imposed for the next year, thus showing that it will be exempted from the next year

Ethical Expectations In Workplace Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Expectations In Workplace - Case Study Example The epistemological view involves a lot of application in the principle rule governing efficient handling of the entire aspect of ethics. The impasse and overall ethical doctrine can illustrate a practical approach through which a contingent resolution provides a prescription (Oliver, 2003). Philosophy and Ethics The research practice concerned with social sciences provides a suitable base for the analysis of social sciences. The underlying principle that ensures efficient evidence draws a conclusive view of the entire research program. The evaluation of the doctrine of social science provides light to educational research and the contemporary approaches towards this science. The objective of the ethical attribute ensures a reflection on the main issues of research methodology and the relationship between traditional methodologies. The techniques applied in ethical guidelines should reflect sound standards that will oversee an integral part with much integrity and acceptance. Many de bates provide an attempt to give a viable definition to the global village. The kind of moral philosophy determines the good, right or wrong behavior mechanism of an individual. Social science ethics means value-free science. Philosophy is a great study that focuses on the analysis of an argument. The society in which individual lives must portray relevant beliefs expected of that community. A perfect example is the issue of witchcraft. Some communities exercise the vice of witchcraft to their belief as a way of life. The analysis of philosophy can refer to the loss of practices and styles maintained by the family. This happens when there is an element of skepticism that ensures the assistance and development of important aspects of the nature of humankind. Some guidelines apply and direct towards the means for an end of the majority.

Charles Wilbert White and David Hammons - Finding cross-influence Research Paper

Charles Wilbert White and David Hammons - Finding cross-influence through a semiotic perspective - Research Paper Example Hammonds attended the Chouinard art institute in Los Angeles, California from1966 to 1968.Later he attended the Otis Art Institute where one of his teachers was the renowned Charles White. Hammonds finally settled in the city of New York from where he mostly worked. He is recognized as a performance artist, installation artist, and sculptor. Hammons made a significant contribution to the world of art. His work speaks of overtones of culture that employ provocative materials and aspects, for example chicken parts, strands of hair, and cheap wine bottles and elephant dung. Although some critics heavily criticized this, Hammons saw some kind of ritualistic power in them and that was the reason that he used them so frequently. Hammons work is generally centered in the black urban setting experience. He uses elements like sarcasm and irony to confront cultural stereotyping and race related issues. Hammons received the MacArthur Fellowship award in 1991. David Hammons first gained his popu larity through a series of highly creative and magnificent body prints body paints that saw revolution in the American paints art industry in the early 1970’s. One of his most popular and greatest art works is the paintwork entitled the injustice case of the 1973 drawn in Los Angeles. This highly contradictive paintwork raised numerous concerns especially in relation to contemporary racial issue that was most prevalent in the United States during those times. Hammons is an example of an artist that used a large number of visual styles and therefore he did not restrict himself to a single style. This made him stand out among other artists of his generation. Hammons works have been collected and exhibited in various art shows and seminars although he mostly prefers to sell his collections privately. Some of the institutions that have collected Hammonds works include The Contemplary Art Museum in Chicago, The New York Museum of modern art and the Museum of Contemplary Art in Chi cago amongst others. Hammons art sought to understand the place of Black people in American society. This is more vivid in his work though in a variety of ways and use of different kinds of media. This he did by avoiding one signature visual style. He shared lots of concern of why the blacks were never allowed to participate in many public affairs and could not be seen contributing to nation building (Constance 63). With the cross-cultural society and tension among the various cultural groups, his work managed to point out both private and public gaps and tried to define the components of a highly valued product. Illustration of such is found in Bliz-aard Ball Sale of 1983, which is his performance work putting himself alongside street vendors in downtown Manhattan in order to sell snowballs whose prices vary with their sizes. This brought about paradox on the product being exchanged and clears information on the capitalistic nature of art. It is satirical in the sense that it broug ht the whiteness, criticizing luxury of racial classification. He also tried to put across social realities faced by the street vendors who have been discriminated against by virtue of their class or race. As

A reflection on the care of a critically ill patient Essay

A reflection on the care of a critically ill patient - Essay Example Physicians are expected to make proper clinical assessments to determine whether failures are reversible or irreversible to determine the kind of decision to make. Such assessments are useful on determining whether to withdraw treatment, the kind of therapy to apply and many others. There are a lot of controversies that surround the aspects of managing MOF. This is due to the reason that there is no known treatment cause to be taken on patients with the complication. The field lacks proper research and controlled studies that will aid in giving proper care. Instead, the current methodologies in the treatment and care of MOF patients suggest the application of different immunotherapy patients which are often full of mistakes and inapplicable in some cases. Many players in this field also rely on information from laboratories and at times, many have accepted the use of unproved interventions to control the complication. Further, the field of MOF management lacks definitive diagnostic p recisions and this has been a major discouraging factor (Jevon $ Ewens 2007). All the above problems experienced in this field greatly contribute to the current lack of principled and well-defined rules to follow during patient management. This has made it difficult for physicians to realize what should happen when certain situations come up. This is one of the problems that one can identify when working with others in the area. Mostly, individuals apply what they think is right at certain times and expects families to consent to their determinations. Further, complications such as systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunctions (MOD) presents complications that are difficult to identify and this has further worsened the situation in ICUs dealing with critically ill patients (Jevon $ Ewens 2007). Despite the above challenges, there have been multiple developments made concerning the issue of MOF. Further research has been able to make progress in det ermining the physiology of SIRS; the leading cause of multiple organ failure. Major pathophysiological mechanisms that are within the inflammatory conditions of MOF have been developed with better definitions of sepsis, SIRS and MODS. Health practitioners have made progress in ensuring the prevention of organ failure by ensuring optimum circulation and faster correction of hypoxia of tissues experienced by patients in high-risks. All these developments have been important in ensuring effective care to the patient. Application of the knowledge from the pathophysiology of SIRS, sepsis and MODS helps in the determination of the best methods as regards the care of patients. This paper will reflect on the self experience of taking care of a patient with a multiple organ failure. It will define the best methodologies for application under certain situations that can complicate the process of care to the patient. My experience as regards this issue is of a 57-yr old man who was found colla psed by his wife. Examination of the man recorded some existence of SIRS, the main observation being spontaneous breathing. Initial management was immediate intubation within the ambulance fifteen minutes after the arrival. He was admitted on hospital where a follow up of examinations were done to ascertain the cause and extent of the complication. A scan of the head was done which showed normal functioning at first instances. However, extensive coronary calcification was noted on the

Impact of Poverty on Children Essay Example for Free

Impact of Poverty on Children Essay According to data from UNICEF, a child in the United States is more likely to live in poverty than any other developed nation (American Psychological Association, 2012) Children living in poverty suffer from lack of nutrition. Lack of nutrition can lead to premature birth and/or low birth weight (APA, 2012). Inadequate access to healthy foods can lead to obesity (Dalton, 2007). Lack of food can lead to hunger or food insecurity (APA, 2012). Malnutrition can lead to deficits in cognitive and social development (APA, 2012). Failure to thrive can be a result of under nutrition (APA, 2012). According to the American Psychological Association (2012) poverty can lead to poor academic achievement. Stress connected with living in poverty affects concentration and memory (APA, 2012). Lack of encouragement to promote literacy and reading readiness (Cuthrell, Stapleton, Ledford, 2010). No exposure to activities such as museums and camps (Cuthrell et al., 2010). Several states with school districts in low-income areas receive much less in state and local funding than other school districts (Hutchinson, 2013). Poverty and lack of insurance affects children’s health. Barrier to children receiving proper vaccinations (Becton, Lee, Nieman, 2008). Children are a greater risk of behavioral and emotional issues (APA, 2012). Increased risk of asthma, anemia, and pneumonia (APA, 2012). Exposure to lead and other environmental contaminants (APA, 2012). Micro social work Working with families with children to provide services for food and health care. Collaborating with other agencies to provide services such as health departments, community service boards, and mental health service providers. Working with schools to ensure child(ren)’s needs being met. Assisting family with nutritional education and access to healthy foods. Macro social work Work with community to increase support for Head Start and preschool programs for all children. Policy and laws must address the lack availability of services and health insurance for children living in poverty. Advocate for school systems to better educate teachers to deal with children living in poverty – hire teachers who care about student’s achievements (Cuthrell et al., 2010). Encourage school boards to eliminate all sugary foods and drinks from school campuses. Encourage communities to be proactive in assisting families living in poverty with food and educational programs. Work with policy to promote increase in wages and employment opportunities (Fass et al., 2009). Social Constructionist Perspective Children in poverty have a place in society – do not move up in class. Children in poverty have certain characteristics: not intelligent, slow-minded, dirty, obese, wanting hand-outs, criminals. Children in poverty should not aspire to improve their circumstances. Society class structure gives the need for children and families to live in poverty. Poverty is accepted as a norm – need change of thinking. Social Behavior Perspective Children in poverty expect to grow up to live in poverty. Children in poverty thinking is reinforced by their environment. Children in  poverty do not have high expectations or goals. Children living in poverty continue the cycle of the parents and grandparents previously. Conflict Perspective Children in poverty are a non-dominant group. Children in poverty have no voice. Children in poverty are results of social and economic injustice – unequal division of power. Children in poverty affect all facets of society Schools and all children affected by policies such as: No Child Left Behind Act – teaching more to state testing versus academics and knowledge. Children in poverty cost an estimated $500 billion in lost productivity and spending on health care and criminal justice systems (Fass, Dinan, Aratani, 2009). Children in poverty are more likely to be poor as adults, continuing the cycle increasing chances of chronic poverty ((Fass et al., 2009). The research on children living in poverty reinforces how the environment can and will affect an individual’s situation. Poverty influences a child’s health, education, and future well-being. If a child is not given the same opportunities as other children not living in poverty, the struggle to rise above poverty can be overwhelming. The cycle of poverty will only change when there is an equality of resources. The change starts at the micro level with the individual child and the family receiving services. To break the cycle, the change must be at the macro level with change in policies and laws. Agencies and social workers must give the children living in poverty a voice that can be heard. References American Psychological Association. (2012). Effects of poverty, hunger and homelessness on children and youth. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/print-this.aspx Becton, J. L., Lee, C., Nieman, L. Z. (2008). The effect of lack of insurance, poverty and paediatrician supply on immunization rates among children 19-35 months of age in the United States. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice3, 14(2), 248-253. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00841.x Cuthrell, K., Stapleton, J., Ledford, C. (2010). Examining the culture of poverty: promising practices. Preventing school failures, 54(2), 104-110. Dalton, S. (2007, January). Our vulnerable children: poor and overweight. Southern Medical Journal. pp. 1-2. Fass, S., Dinan, K. A., Aratani, Y. (2009, December). Child poverty and intergenerational mobility. National center for Children in Poverty. Retrieved from http://nccp.org/publications/pub_911.html Hutchinson, E. D., (2013). Theoretical perspectives on human behavior. Essentials of human behavior integrating person, environment, and the life course. (pp. 39 – 42). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. Compare/Contrast Krystal and Jessica both want to work with immigrants to help integrate them into the schools and society and overcome barriers. My desire to help children in poverty could be viewed as similar as both groups have barriers due to their status. Immigrants and poor people are looked upon as being less of a person. Each group I believe is affected by the conflict perspective. The unequal balance of power and resources prevents immigrants and poor people access to the same opportunities. If there is not a balance or equal opportunity to services and resources, how can immigrants and people living in poverty achieve the successes of those with access? The environment in which immigrants and poor people are exposed to everyday does not meet the basic needs of acceptance and hope. If children are to succeed in the classroom they must be given the tools and support to do so. Things such as food, shelter and language are taken for granted by society when there is not a need. How is a child who cannot understand what a teacher is saying or is being bullied by other children because of their different speech or clothing achieving success in the classroom? How can a child who has not eaten since lunch in school the day before concentrate on what is being taught by the teacher? Society must take responsibility for these  children. Social workers must advocate at all levels: micro and macro – to ensure immigrants and children of poverty are receiving equal access to opportunities available to others. Social workers and society cannot accept poverty as a norm. Social workers and society cannot accept lack of resources and/or funding an excuse to not properly educate children of immigrants.

The Charter of Rights and Free

The Charter of Rights and Freedom and its Affect on Canada Essay The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a bill of rights granted constitutional status that was introduced in the Constitution Act of 1982 by Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau. The Constitution Act is also known as the repatriation of the Canadian Constitution. The Charter had several purposes; the first is â€Å"to outline and guarantee the political rights of Canadian citizens, as well as the civil rights of anyone who is residing on the territory of Canada† (The Canadian Charter. 1). Secondly, â€Å"It balances the rights of legislatures and courts through the ‘notwithstanding’ clause, which gives the federal and provincial parliaments limited powers to override court decisions â€Å", while section 2 of the bill enshrines the freedom of the press, allowing the media to release controversial reports without fear of the state (Ibbitson. 2012). Thirdly, it criminalized discrimination in society, government rulings and the judicial system and provides a set of ethical principles for all Canadians to follow, while promoting equality throughout the country. Social discrimination was widespread in Canada at the turn of the 20th Century. Many groups were discriminated against such as minorities and women. This was evident through the introduction of Clifford Sifton’s head tax, the â€Å"enemy aliens† and unbalanced gender equality between men and women. The first step in any change is to identify the problem. During the Holocaust of WWII the discrimination of Jewish people led to a mass genocide of 6 million people. After this affair it was realized that boundaries must be put in place to insure that basic human rights are respected. It was this idea that gave birth to the UN Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. In Canada the declaration paved paths for more government action regarding social and political discrimination, an example being the predecessor of the Charter, the Canadian Bill of Rights of 1960. This bill was introduced by Prime Minister John Diefenbaker and granted similar rights to the citizens of Canada. The difference between the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Bill, is that the Bill of Rights could be contested by the government and judicial system whenever anyone sees fit, which gave room for discrimination in government and court rulings. The catalyst to the creation of the Charter was the re-election of Pierre Trudeau and the Quebec Referendum. Prime Minister Trudeau was Canada’s first socialist prime minister, he was heavily influenced by the socialist European culture from the years he spent studying there. Trudeau’s most famous saying was a â€Å"Just Society†. â€Å"The Just Society will be a united Canada, united because all of its citizens will be actively involved in the development of a country where equality of opportunity is ensured and individuals are permitted to fulfill themselves in the fashion they judge best† (Trudeau. 968). During the Quebec Referendum when Quebec’s separatist movement was at its peak, the repatriation of the Canadian Constitution and the enactment of French language and French education rights (which is included in the Charter) were pieces of his platform to halt the referendum and part of his plan for a â€Å"Just Society†. After the refere ndum was rejected Trudeau kept true to his word and appealed the Constitution and enshrined the Charter of Rights and Freedom within it. The Charter of Rights and Freedom was a defining moment in Canada’s history as it protected women and homosexuals from discrimination and allowed them to establish an identity. Its creation also shows our country’s commitment to equality, human rights and social justice. The Charter changed Canada’s view on sexuality, gender equality and homophobia; it paved a path for the second wave of the feminist movement, helped legalize abortion, removed barriers for gay marriage and completely redefined the definition of marriage throughout Canada. Abortion was an extremely controversial topic throughout the 1900’s and the reason why free abortion is available in this country is because of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Before the 1969 and the passing of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, abortion was considered a criminal offense and no access to it was allowed. The right to having an abortion also brought along questions on gender roles and equality; as men were not restricted to what they could or could not do with their bodies. The catalyst to the Free Abortion Movement was the Sexual Revolution of the 1960’s in the USA, which due to their proximity to Canada also had an effect on our society. The revolution was the beginning to contraception, the acceptance of casual sex and sexual liberation. Along with these boundaries breaking changes also brought the legalization of abortion. The biggest push towards free abortion from within our country was the work of a man named Henry Morgentaler. Dr. Henry Morgentaler was a general practitioner in Montreal, who specialized in family planning. He was one of the first Canadian doctors to prescribe birth control and perform sterilization. In 1967, he presented a case before the House of Common Health and Welfare regarding illegal abortions and women’s rights to safe abortion, but was swiftly dismissed. The public reacted quickly to his stance on this issue, and he began to receive requests from desperate women to perform abortions. Morgentaler initially responded with a sympathetic â€Å"no†, but after he realized the life-risking extent that these women were willing to go to for an abortion, he chose personal values over civil obedience and began performing illegal abortions. His bravery and determination was the catalyst to the second wave of the feminist movement and kick started the right to legal abortions for all women in Canada. The section of the Charter of Rights and Freedom that was most significant to the Free Abortion Movement was section 7. Section 7 of the Charter states â€Å"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice† (The Charter of Rights and Freedoms. 982). Before the Charter, in 1969 a law was passed that stated â€Å"a child can only be aborted if the life or health of a woman was threatened† and must be verified by a three-doctor hospital committee (Egan. 1998). But after the creation of the charter which granted woman the right to life or to make choices, such as â€Å"whether a woman had made a choice to get pregnant, continue a pregnancy, or end a pregnancy, or, framed differently, to have an abortion, or not have an abortion† (Downie. 2008). If the woman in question had not made the decision to become pregnant or even consented to the act of intercourse, then denying her right to having an abortion would violate the Charter and her right to live. Secondly, by limiting a woman access to medical services and forcing her to carry and support a fetus is an invasion of her right to security and a violation of the Charter. Thirdly, one of the reasons abortion is illegalized in many countries is because in many religions the act of protecting the fetus is sacred, causing many religious government fficers to implement bias laws against allowing abortion due to their beliefs. The charter states that all people have the freedom of belief and religion; if the individual does not believe in the practice of protecting the fetus then they should be allowed to make their decision accordingly. Lastly, the final verdict given by a judge on the Morgentaler case was: â€Å"The decision whether to terminate a pregnancy is essentially a mor al decision, a matter of conscience. I do not think there is or can be any dispute about that. The question is: whose conscience? Is the conscience of the woman to be paramount or the conscience of the state? I believe, for the reasons I gave in discussing the right to liberty, that in a free and democratic society it must be the conscience of the individual. † (Wilson. 1988) If the right to liberty was not given then the outcome of this significant case would be much different and women may have never been granted the right to free abortion. The changes that the Charter brought to the lives of pregnant woman were paramount. It not only allowed them to make choices with their body, but it also brought them closer in gender equality with men (as they were not longer restricted in bodily integrity) and paved a path for future changes in the lives of women. Until the re-election of socialist Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1980 and enactment the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, homophobia was very common in Canada at the turn of the 20th century. Before 1970, homosexuality was seen as a criminal offense and anyone accused of homosexual acts was charged as a sexual offender. Similarly to the Free Abortion movement catalyst to the Gay Rights Movement was also the Sexual Revolution of the 1960’s and the re-election of Pierre Trudeau. Likewise to Morgentaler, there is also an extremely significant person to the rise of homosexual rights, Everett George Klippert. Klippert was mistakenly suspected of arson and was detained by the RCMP in August 1965. During his questioning he admitted that he was homosexual and had conducted several sexual acts with throughout the last 24 years. Though it was proven that Klippert was not involved in the arsonist case, the court because of his sexual activities had charged him with 6 counts of â€Å"gross indecency†. This sentence was seen as extremely unfair and cruel. Trudeau, who was the Prime Minister at the time, responded with this statement: â€Å"Take this thing on homosexuality, I think the view we take here is that there’s no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation, and I think what’s done in private between adults doesn’t concern the Criminal Code. When it becomes public this is a different matter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Trudeau. 967) And within six weeks of this statement Trudeau had created and passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act, which decriminalized homosexuality. This act along with the Charter of Rights and Freedom gave Canadians the gift of same-sex marriage. After the acknowledgement of same-sex marriage in 1969, it was pointed out that the traditional â€Å"one man/one woma n† biological requirement was not fulfilled. This difference led to the Canadian government denying same-sex partners the same benefits of the law as heterosexual partners. But later this is revoked, as the term â€Å"minorities† expressed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms extends to include analogous minorities therefore all federal and provincial discrimination against same-sex couples must be overwritten. Secondly, â€Å"The Charter of Rights and Freedoms introduced in Canada in 1982 prohibits discrimination against homosexual couples on the basis of sexual orientation to counter the Canadian federal law which denies marital status to the group, thus depriving them of the federal privileges allowed to heterosexuals†(Findlay. 5). Later in 1999 because of sexual orientation becoming a form of discrimination, the Supreme Court of Canada pronounced that same-sex partners now legally have the same rights and benefits as common-law couples. Lastly, at the turn of the 20th century one of the most dominant religions in Canada was Christianity. The Christian religion did not accept the idea of homosexuality, and because this belief was so do minant at the time, it created bias laws and discriminated against gay citizens of Canada. Until the creation of the Charter which granted the right to religion and personal beliefs, there was no way to argue against this religious discrimination. Finally in 2003 the Ontario Court of Appeal stated that the exclusion of same-sex couples from the definition of marriage violated equality rights under the Charter. Without the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, homosexuals would not have the rights and acceptance in society as they do in the present day. The Charter completely redefined the meaning of marriage and gave homosexuals the ability to bind themselves to their loved ones with not only their body and soul, but also with vows and aws. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was a defining moment in Canada’s history because it protected women and homosexuals from discrimination and gave them several fundamental freedoms that they did not possess before. Women finally gained the right to control their own bodies, and homosexuals received the freedom to love who they wish, without hiding it. The Charter really placed Canada on the map as a place of freedom and expression, perhaps even more so than our neighbor â€Å"The Land of the Free†. It geared Canada on a path to what it is today, a place of diversity, tolerance and the land of the â€Å"The True North Strong and Free.

Leader Plays An Important Role Management Essay

Leader Plays An Important Role Management Essay Leader plays an important role in the world environment. When any organization whatever wants to be successful, a good leadership is one of the success factors. Leadership is in everywhere. Leadership occurs in our surrounding environment. The main objective of leadership is to achieve a common goal or task with a group of people in the organization together. But the leader may or may not have any power. Leader is being with intangible spirit here to lead the people to accomplish the goals and tasks. The leader should lead the people on the right track. The leadership has been described as a person can complete a common task in the process of social influence, while seeking the aid and support of others. Three of the authority, responsibility, functions and power to perform their duties, the exercise of the functions of a means and conditions to perform their duties, the exercise of their functions is of the essence and core of the leader. However, the leader in order to effectively exercise leadership function alone institutionalized statutory powers is not enough, you must have convincing and to comply with the high degree of authority, have a huge appeal to subordinates, attractive and subtle influence. What is the effective leadership? The aims of this assignment is to explore what the effective leadership is and evaluate the leadership how to make impact on a matter such as followers, organizations, and relationships and so on. Definition of leadership First of all, now note that what the definition of leadership is. In fact, leadership is not a clearly defined and its definition of each person can be different. So here quote some representative definitions and as the following: Leadership is the behavior of an individual when he is directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal. (Hemphill Coons, 1957, p.7) Leadership is interpersonal influence, exercised in a situation, and directed, through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals. (Tannenbaum, Weschler, Massarik, 1961, p.24) Leadership is the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization. (Katz Kahn, 1978, p.528) Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction) to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose. (Jacobs Jaques, 1990, p.281) According to the above definition of leadership, leadership is two-way relationship and a chain reaction with followers. Leadership is a process to guide the followers to accomplish a common goal or task. In the process, leader and followers will get satisfied through communicate with each other. The leadership has influence for followers to work together to complete the instruction. Leadership has collective power of solidarity toward meaningful direction. Followership Style To be effective leadership, followership is an important relationship. It is because followership and leadership are a two-way relationship, which constantly touch each other. Better leadership and better followership and vice versa. In addition to the leader personal capacity, how to attract followers to follow is one of the most critical factors in the relations of good leadership. Bass (1990) points out, leadership and followership are mutual activities of influence and counter-influence, since both stimulate and reinforce the others behavior. In modern enterprises, an effective follower has not to be always following somebodys advice and to be dead set the simple dedication. Followers should have the following qualities: critical and independent thinking, proactive work attitude, willing to take responsibility determination, the courage to dare to challenge the authority of the self-management ability. These characteristics make the followers become the core strength of the company, so that they become the organization efficient fundamental. Leadership effectiveness As above mention, followership and leaderships relationship cannot separate. For the leadership, in different situation have different approach to apply into it. There are diagram to show the stages of leadership theory and research as the following: Here are several of leadership approaches to express how to make effective leadership. This report will focus on trait approach, situation approach and new leadership approach to explore these approaches how to affect an effective leadership. Trait Approach Trait theory suppose that leaders have some common characteristics, such as psychological, personality and sociological to determine its effectiveness. The example of the psychological characteristics involved intelligence and charisma. The sociological characteristics involved level of education and status of social economic class. The trait theory focuses on the requirements of demand or a variety of circumstances between the leader and the followers. The trait approach is the earliest and you can understand the success of leadership and is concentrated in the leaders personal characteristics or personality. Based on assumption, leaders are born, not made. How can distinguish the leaders? There are too many traits. So here choose a few of the more important traits that a success leader needed to discuss. Intelligence Intelligence has been identified as an effective leadership of the most important factors. An effective leadership has to clear analysis of the force. A good intelligence can help leader to rise up his power of analysis. When face the mission, leader can use his intelligence to work well and organize the group member to accomplish the mission. As based on assumption, leaders are born, not made. Intelligence cannot be acquired through efforts and by congenital got it. Leaders have good verbal skills, perception and reasoning. Self-confidence Self-confidence is one of the critical traits of leaders characteristics to effective leadership. A persons ability and skills have a certain capacity. It includes self-respect, self-affirmation, and believe that they can make a difference. Leaders have ability to influence others. This is very important. Determination Leaders have eager to get this job done. It includes active, persistent advantage. The aggressive leaders have ability to adhere to oppose obstacles. Integrity Honest and trustworthy. Adhere to a set of principles, solid strength, and take responsibility for their own behavior. Ethical leadership and inspire other peoples confidence. They do what they say, how do we do. They are reliable, loyal and not a lie. Sociability This is the tendency of leaders to seek a pleasant social relationship. Leaders full of friendly, cheerful, polite, tactful, and diplomatic. They have to take care of others and well-being. Leader do not need to have all trait to demonstrate themselves are effective leadership. As proprietor know, no one is perfect. For example, the 42nd president of United States William Jefferson Clinton (hereinafter referred to as Clinton). Clinton to attend various speaking engagements in term, his presentation skill showed his self-confidence and to attract followers. And his excellent interpersonal skill makes the United States to be in a leadership position under his leadership. Although the sex scandal happened in his time, but Clintons personal charm makes others to support him. Clintons public support rate is 65% to end off his time. That is a new record after World War II U.S. President. Different angles of trait approach in organization Strengths Weakness Give some benchmarks Intuitively appealing a century of research Too straight delimit No take situation in case Not useful way for develop leadership Transactional leadership and Transformational leadership These two approaches also use in motivate and encourage followers to achieve whether long-term or short-term goals or tasks in their expectation. These two approaches are feasible, which depend on followers is belong to which one of followers. Transactional leadership: The leaders agree that the followers want and like to help them achieve their goals in order to satisfy their getting from efforts. Thats means leaders and subordinates in an exchange relationship. The leader through substantial reward to clarify subordinates should play a role and mission requirements. When the subordinates finish their scheduled task, the leader will give them what they wanted money or material rewards as exchange. Just like Bass views, he generally defines transactional leadership behavior for three components as the follow: Rewarded and the use of incentives and team awards, the clarification of the impact of work motivation. Under the supervision and corrective measures to ensure that the work to proceed effectively. Added by Bass and his colleagues (Bass Avolio, 1990; Yammarino Bass, 1990), penalties and other corrective measures, including the use of significantly deviate from the standard of acceptable performance. Transformational leadership: Leaders have the ability to inspire and motivate followers to achieve the schedule effect, even greater than expected. Transformational leadership emphasizing the constructivism vision and actively get subordinates agree on the vision. The leader help subordinates to view their own values and beliefs and help them to develop amazing potential. Subordinates are with the leaders to achieve the vision and to complete the impossible task. Next, Bass further proposed four elements of transformational leadership which included charismatic leadership, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulus and individual consideration. On the above mention, give an example, the former coach of Chinese national womens volleyball team Chen Chung Wong. He led the Chinese womens volleyball team won the champion of a number of major competitions. He encouraged the volleyball team to play out the potential of the different personalities of the players. In the dynamic competition, he and his team members goal is also to win the champion. He use transformation approach to lead his ball team and he was successful. He was able to influence his followers and achieve the goal, so he did an effective leadership. Transactional leadership versus Transformational leadership Item Transactional leadership Transformational leadership Essence To the interests of the lure Spiritual encouragement Behavior Emphasis on individual performance Inspire potential, attention to overall objectives Applicable situation Stable environment Well-structured task Routine work Subordinates belongs to passive, do not like to work and irresponsibly Dynamic, changeable environment Low degree of task structure Non-routine, requiring subordinates decision task Subordinates belongs to active, positive potential Performance Completion of leaders matters assigned Completion of impossible challenging mission Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are dissimilar but not mutually exclusive. The same leader will use these two different methods of leadership approach in different times and in different circumstances. These types of leaders to guide or encourage their followers to achieve that target in the direction and the leader plays a clear role and knows clear task requirements. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership should not be seen as competing methods to get things done. So, if you are a good transactional leadership, but there is no change in the quality, you may only be a banal leader. The best leaders are mixed up transactional leadership and transformational leadership. Situational Leadership In the leadership and management of the company or team cannot use unchangeable methods. And have to change the approach of leadership and management when the situation and rapidly changes in the environmental context and the different of employees. The management was focus on the leader. Here is a diagram of situational leadership applies the following leadership behaviors: http://www.firefightingincanada.com/images/stories/CFF%2007/JAN/leadershipchart.jpg Situational leadership model for employees in specific job the employee growth process is divided into four stages: Directing (S1) the leaders just told the followers how to do it. Just give direction for followers. Thats low supportive and high directive. If an employee lack of experience to perform tasks, such as a new employee. In this case, his leadership has to give him a direction to help him to accomplish the task. In this situation, directing leadership will be effective. Coaching (S2) the leaders provides information and direction. There is more to communicate with followers. This style more interactive. So thats high supportive and directive. In some situation, coaching leadership will be effective. For example, when a low-level subordinate has certain ability, but do not have the needed skills, knowledge and information. And he lack of motivation to do the task. Coaching leadership will be suitable for these employees. Supporting (S3) the leaders pay more attention to the relationship rather than direction. Leaders and team work and share decision-making responsibility. Thats high supportive and low directive. When a senior-level subordinates do not work hard because of production capacity or personal reasons. The leader gives more support that will make him work hard again. In this situation, supporting leadership will be effective. Delegating (S4) leadership on followers or group most of the responsibility. The leaders also monitor progress, but their participation in decision-making. Thats low supportive and directive. This style has more freedom to work in this stage. For a senior-level subordinates have all the skills to carry out a less risk and no more time limited task and also have an internal backup support case. In this situation, delegating leadership will be effective. Relative to the four different stages of the employees, the leadership should take four different style of leadership. Four leadership styles for different stages included directing, coaching, supporting and delegating leadership style. When the employees in the first phase of S1, leaders have to take informed style to guide and instruct employees; when employees in the second stage of S2, leaders have to take marketing formula to explain the work to persuade employees; when the employees in the third stage of S3, leaders should adopt a participatory to motivate employees and help employees to solve problems. At the end of stage of S4, leaders will have to take authorization and delivered to employees, leader simply for the monitoring and inspection work. Conclusion In the conclusion, we can know that no matter in which environment, leadership always around our life. In the organization, leaders leadership skills can affect the employees behavior even the organization holder. In the life, everyone have leader to lead us. A good effective leadership should have good influence for their followers. An effective leadership must be personal charm to influence and motivate followers; should be master and applied scenically incentives and should have good basic quality such as good communication skills. The different stages of development and scale should adopt a different style of leadership. With the continuous development and changes in the environment, leadership approach also should be transformed into an effective leadership style. A good leader should be based on the different stages of company development, size of organization and management object at any time to adjust their leadership style and approach. Finally, leadership is in everywhere.

The Effects of Mono Lakes Hydrology on its Ecosystem :: Environment Biology Essays

The Effects of Mono Lake's Hydrology on its Ecosystem Situated at the foothills of the Eastern Sierra Nevada, Mono Lake has an unusual and unique hydrology that is highly influential in shaping the water chemistry (specifically the water's salinity and alkalinity) and biological life that survives there. Mono Lake is a hypersaline, highly alkaline, hydrographically closed basin in which the only natural means of water export is through evaporation. The basin itself was carved out by faulting of tectonic plates that occurred atleast 500,000 years ago. Mono Basin contains up to 7,000 ft. of glacial, fluvial, lacustrine and volcanic deposits in a large structural depression formed in part by down-dropping along the Sierra Nevada fault (Pakiser 1976). In addition to the water evaporated, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP) began diverting Mono Lake's water and approximately 58% of its natural inflow (annually) to supply 13% of the city of Los Angeles's water supply in 1940 (Stine 1991). Because lake volume fluctuates in response to varying inflow and evaporation, the late-water concentration and composition can experience substantial change through time (Rogers 1992). A high concentration of soluble compounds and salts formed inherently as evaporation occurred, and minerals and compounds were left behind. Runoff, erosional sediments and precipitation (rain and snowfall are limited in the Eastern side due to the rainshadow effect) from the Sierra Nevada accumulate in the Mono Basin. Also ephemeral perennial streams from the Sierra Nevada flow into the Mono Basin. Because of this, a great deal of the groundwater and the groundwater hydrological system is dominated by stream losses from the mountains. Fault lines can also be highly influential to the production of groundwater. According to USGS's Ronald Oremland, The lake is usually monomictic, and undergoes one complete winter mixing event induced by the sinking of cold surface waters. However, inputs of large amounts of freshwater into the lake in the early 1980s and again in the late 1990s resulted in episodes of meromixis (Oremland 2000). Jellison predicts that the meromixis phase that is currently occurring will last several decades. Meromixis generally produces buildup of ammonia, sulfide and methane. In many cases diversions of freshwater inputs for irrigation or other human uses have resulted in diminished size and increased salinity (Jellison 1992). Diverting Mono Lake's streams has not only stirred political and environmental controversy over rights but has also led to the waters of Mono Lake being halved in lake volume, reduced by 45 ft.

Solar Energy Essay -- Energy Sources, Solar Power

Someday, our energy sources are going to run out. What will we do? What can we do? Our major source of energy now is fossil fuel. If that were to run out, there must be an alternate way to get energy. Because of this problem, there has been a lot of research going on. Through that research, alternate ways to get energy have been developed. They include wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, tidal energy and many more. In this paper I will focus on the aspects of solar energy. I will look at the history of solar energy, cover the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy and then finally I will talk about the concept of solar energy (how it works) and ways that solar energy can be used in your everyday life. First let’s look at the history of solar power. It has been more than a century ago that solar power was first looked into. Some people believe that the reason for alternate energy sources came in the 1970’s when there was an energy crisis. But according to history, the first look at alternate energy sources came when a scare of running out of fossil fuel came about. Many different things were looked at, but solar power somehow was the one that was looked at the most seriously. Once solar power was focused on, years later, there were ways that were invented to obtain the radiation from the sun and use it to make things work. However, the development of solar power faded when World War I came along. After the war, energy was in demand and therefore, solar power took a back seat in science. Fossil fuel still remained the main source of energy at that time. Most of the credit for solar energy should go to the man by the name of Auguste Mouchout. Although he was a mathematics instructor, he did qu... ...ren. â€Å"Technologies and Applications.† 10 October 2014. http://www.canren.gc.ca/tech_appl/index.asp?CaId=5&PgId=121 Darvill, Andy. â€Å"Solar Energy.† 10 October 2014. http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/solar.htm The Alternate Energy Institute. â€Å"Solar Energy.† 10 October 2014. http://www.altenergy.org/AEI/6 â€Å"The Future of Solar Energy.† 10 October 2014. http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/solar/future.htm The Solar Cooking Archive. 10 October 2014. http://www.solarcooking.org/ Smith, Charles. â€Å"History of Solar Energy.† 10 October 2014. http://www.solarenergy.com/info_history.html Solar Electric Power Association. â€Å"Solar Power Basics.† 10 October 2014. http://www.solarelectricpower.org/power/what_are_pvs.cfm SunWind Solar Industries. â€Å"Uses of solar energy.† 10 October 2014. http://www.web.net/~sunwind/solar/solar_energy_uses.html

intellectual health :: essays research papers

Intellectual health comes from mental stimulation and what we get out of our work, school and other hobbies that we take part of. To begin an intellectually healthy life we must first have the desire to learn more and have an overall interest in what is going on around us. Every human being has the desire to know, but what’s more important is how we go about that. At a young age school teaches us that we must gain all the knowledge we can in order to be successful, therefore making school the first step in how to begin an intellectually healthy lifestyle. Higher education as in college is not always needed to be considered â€Å"intellectually healthy†, but getting the most out of the education level u do reach is key. As long as our minds are constantly being challenged and stimulated we are on the right track. Our work plays a key role in developing an intellectual healthy life as well. We do not want our work to be too stressful; we want it to be stimulating and enjoyable. Too much mental stimulation can lead to being stressed out and affect other parts of one’s life in a negative way. The way we go about work should be something challenging and yet enjoyable and leave us with an overall good feeling about what we are doing at the end of the day. Religion plays a large role in being intellectually healthy. Religion keeps our m inds thinking about GOD and trying to add him into our everyday lives, which is a challenge and goal for most if not all of us. GOD is more prevalent in some lives than in others but having some sort of belief in a higher power is good for the human desire to want to know more. We all want answers. Making an effort to find them is what makes us intellectually healthy. Hobbies such as playing a sport are very much part of being intellectually healthy. Athletics make us think things through in and out and really challenge not only our minds, but our bodies as well. For example: The football team is losing by 7 points with 5 seconds left in the game and they have one last shot to tie or win the game. The quarterback has a million things going through his mind all at once and can ultimately make only one decision that will win his team the game, or blow it for them.

Civic Participation and Voter Turnout Essay

Interaction in social networks has a strong, influence on whether or not individuals participate in voting and other political activism. Social interaction creates unique opportunities for individuals to learn about politics. It allows them to learn about various and differing views on political issues thus supporting the political activity of many people. It is my supposition that participation is dependent on the amount of political discussion that occurs within various social networks. Analyzing these interactions can provide a window into social networks and active political participation. It also shows that such interactions play a crucial role in explaining the role of other that predict participation, such as group membership, high school civic participation and individual resources. First, when and how do social networks make people politically active? Second, is the impact of informal interaction in those networks distinct from that of formal social organizations? Finally, how much does a social network model of involvement add to our theoretical and substantive understanding of how people become involved in politics? There really are two social network trends. The first is formal social interaction which is formal groups such as churches, social clubs and other formal organizations. These formal interactions develop many of our civic skills and expose people to more larger political opinions. The second in informal social interaction such as barbecues, parties and other interactions that are not in formal groups. These informal conversations expose people to political information from their surrounding social network. The implication is that social interaction can make people more active in politics when it exposes them to politically-relevant information. Social discussion exposes people to a wide range of information that may influence decisions to participate, such as information about how desirable it is to participate. (McClurg, 2003). Discussions with friends who are interested or active in politics can help people learn about the reasons for participating while reinforcing the idea that such behavior is desirable among one’s peers. People also may be exposed to information about the how politics works and how a person participates. Information about which candidate to support, why to support that candidate, when the candidate is holding a rally, or even how to just get involved are all types of information that can be effectively exchanged by these varying social interactions. Social interaction exposes people to a different set of politically-relevant information and stimuli than they possess individually. (McClurg, 2003). Individual understanding, information, resources, and ability are limited because there is just oneself to process information. Social interaction with other people gives one another opportunity to develop thoughts and resources that lower the barriers to political participation. â€Å"Consequently, social resource supplement (rather than supplant) the person resources and abilities that make participation likely. † (McClurg, 2003). Over the past 50 years in the United States, there has been a decline in many important facets of civic participation. Particularly troubling has been the steady decrease in the percentage of adults voting in local and national elections, a trend that has been extensively documented. In 1996, there were 13 million voters registered to vote however, only 49% of those people turned out for the general election which was the lowest turnout since 1924. (Voting Patterns). Again in 2000 only 50% of the voters turned out for the general election. The following is the presidential voter turnout rates from 1948 to 2008.

Challenges of Studying Written and Oral Sources in Africa

integrity of the biggest issues facing Afri kitty historians is the fact that the submit of demonstr competent Afri atomic number 50 History is comparatively new. A large majority of the ancestrys l dyingable atomic number 18 scripted from the conduct of locating of Europeans, with an Intended audience of Europeans. L In this egocentric method of reporting record, Africans were popular opinioned more than(prenominal)(prenominal) as objects a pot with a past let off no score. 2 The indite diachronic citations provided by imperialists robbed Africans of their piece.The lead story challenge facing African historians Is to bump a way to Inject the African voice Into the narrative, and thus roved a more accurate representation of the spotlessal chronicle. This tax income presents more profound questions. What qualities make soul an African? Is it sufficient to be a black person living on the continent? argon there levels of ethnicity? Are the descendants of A fricans brought to other parts of the tender-heartedkind In the slave trade Africans? Ultimately, who decides who Is African? Equally debatable is the Issue regarding what represents a thinkable fount, every written or literal.Each presents unique challenges that must be address in order of battle to qualify the none value of the In watchyation they portend to provide. period the more tralatitious African historical bloods are Invariably prone to the problem of European bias, weaken paintings offer a source that was born out of a desire of an African ( non a European) to entry their experiences. For exemplar, the disputation art of Gill Kefir in what is current(prenominal) Egypt represents people allegedly engaging in the catchy of swimming. 3 This offers historians perhaps the oldest example of source material regarding African muniment. UT what does this Written source truly prescribe African historians? Most importantly, it definitively registers that some one was there, and by means of scientific dating cuisines, It indicates approximately when they were there. This is real, unattackable certainty, which underpins all historical explore. 4 This Is non to Infer that there are non problems with the use of the paintings as a source of usable evidence. The older a source is, it is more identically to be inaccurate. 5 Were the people in the paintings actually swimming, as scientists guess?Does that mean that the desert where the cave paintings were found was once a work that contained lakes or rivers? Or did the cave painters dress up their art from the second-hand memories of others who had traveled to far onward lands? What was the origin they chose to document their experience? Was it graffiti? Was it make for religious reasons? Was it a territorial home run? Archaeological sites are less prevalent in Africa than other parts of the world, which Is problematic In having the ability to compare this crabby site to others.Fu rther, the available archives demand to compare these archaeologic get a lines are few in number in African regions, and sometimes less accessible collectable to semipolitical reasons. The Information In the African archives that do exist Is a great deal more difficult to translate than traditional archival Information In that virtually African engages are spontaneous, and non written, and s tumesce up impossible to document without the benefit of ad-lib history. 6 How can African historians rationalize these challenges and OFF source?One jot is to actively search for other animate examples of cave paintings and to compare them based on materials, method, content, location, etc. When much(prenominal) comparable examples do not exist, scientists could initiate more archaeological digs, extend communication among scientists to broaden the evidence base, and exert political pressure upon leadership to focus on scientific endeavors, as healthful as the preservation of the archives. alike(p) historians in other parts of the world, African historians face the challenge of deteriorating archives because of wrongfulness caused by the elements, water damage, and insects. Traditional written sources such as government documents, tax influences, and newspapers may to a fault be helpless due to archival neglect. Historians must forecast several criteria of source criticism to arrange each written sources historical value. 8 Regardless of the name on the document, who was the actual author? What was the real purpose of the document? Who was the intended audience? Did the author live a bun in the oven in-person motives in reporting it in the manner in which he did? For example, to the highest degree government documents from compound Africa were written by Europeans, with an intended European audience.There is no African voice in this history. Africans were treated like objects,9 and colonial imperialistic authors of written sources believed that they actually were generating history for the first time?that Africa (and Africans) had no history before their arrival. 10 some other limitation of written documents is that they are created from the point of view of an observer, and thus produce an cerebration that is completely root word areaive, and thereby, by definition, are spread out to other opinions and observations. To address the limitations of written documents, historians oftentimes attempt to incorporate viva sources in conjunction with written sources in order to strengthen historical evidence. Anxiety virtually flawed written sources drew scholars away from libraries and into t stimulates and villages for historical narrative. 12 The incorporation of unwritten history into the narrative makes it more evidentiary and gives the written documents a more verifiable African voice. Relying on written documents from the colonial period without the incorporation of unwritten examination sources, in m all c ases, produces an inaccurate version of African history.Typically, in the African history provided by Colonial Europeans their horticulture, norms, and ideology were largely ignored. One of the depict methods to avoid (the possibility of denying Africans a voice in their own history) is to include a peoples own ad-lib traditions and life histories in ethnographically and archaeological work. 13 Because most African languages in Colonial Africa were viva voce and not written,14 it is imperative to consider viva sources to footslog the evidence provided by written sources. oral exam sources can provide a wealthiness of historical evidence.For example, Historical linguists use oral sources to accurately track the movement of people across the continent. 15 This evidence of human migration can help explain ethnical change, which is important when considering that a lack of parsimoniousness of people in a special(a) area makes a study of their culture less possible. Oral histor ies offer first-hand accounts of events. These oral histories evolve into oral traditions16 stories passed imbibe from propagation to extension, offering us a glimpse of pre-colonial Africa not found in the Euro-centric written documents of imperialists.Oral sources obviously can accompaniment the written, a realization that was for too ample lost on most lord order to strengthen written sources to form cohesive historical evidence is Jan Vinson, who realized that the stories handed down from one generation to other Were as stable and received accounts of their past as were the written chronicles and in-person narratives (and) that in fact they were of the same genre. 18 In Bananas own words by creating a lifelike gradeting, (oral tradition) gives evidence close to how situations as they were observed, as well as about beliefs uncovering situations. 19 Thus, oral sources, through some(prenominal) shared oral history and oral traditions, combined with written sources, f orm a more credible account of historical occurrences than written sources merely provide. Oral sources, though, are not without their limitations. (H)Astoria can place trust in oral sources only to the extent that they can be verified by means of away evidence of another kind, such as archaeological, linguistic, or cultural. 20 Oral sources are subject to misinterpretation because of selective or collective memory, rumor, myth, or hearsay. That being said, oral sources subject to these limitations still offer substance, because historians can still study why the subjects believe it happened that way. 22 African historians can apologize the limitations of oral sources by searching for training that is worthy, if not as historical evidence, further as randomness that is not promptly apparent through the written archive. While attempting to glean evidence from a source on one topic, a historian may gain knowledge of another fortuitous topic.Ultimately, it is the duty of the h istorian to subject all written accounts to radical knowledgeable and external analysis to rig legitimacy and credibility. If the accounts are thoroughly construed, and the texts can be compared to one another with the information contained in oral and other sources, they will relate to yield semiprecious information on the history of Africa. 23 These things considered if an historian wanted to get an approximation of how many Africans were enslaved, wound or killed in the moving in of poof Leopold in the Congo, where would they start? What sources would they utilize, and what would they expect to take care?What there information strength they accidentally bollix upon? I propose that a peachy place to start would be to examine any existing hospital documents from 1885-1908, to determine if there is a written record of the number of people treated for sack of limbs. Local censuses (if available), police records, military ledgers, attribute records, death certificates major power also turn off as fruitful written resources. Additionally, missional records in the region competencyy rise up to be valuable, especially considering that they would probably not require translation, lessening the possibility that any information would be mistranslated.Another possible valuable written source talent be records in the Belgian archive, or that of the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo. The historian competency hope to find information or documents concerning the Congo Reform railroad tie, which might discharge some light on the information she seeks. Additionally, explore on the Congo foreswear State propaganda war and the International Association of the Congo might provide valuable useful written sources of evidence of injuries and deaths to those enslaved at that time.One might also be able to glean useful information from historical-based literature, such as Joseph Concords Heart of Darkness, Sir Arthur Cowan Doles The Crime of the Con go, and Bertrand Russell emancipation and Organization. Research on the parties evidence of the atrocities in the region, including Edmund Dine Muriel, Roger Casement and the aforementioned Bertrand Russell. Local museums might contain artistic creation from the region during Loopholes occupation that captures the outrage, despair and helplessness of the affected.By speaking to locals, she might hear, through oral tradition, the stories passed down from generation to generation about the occupation. In the unlikely, yet still possible event, that any 106-year-old residents still survive, they would be able to provide first-hand oral history. Other than gaining information regarding the number of enslaved, killed and maimed, she would, in all probability, gain an understanding of the long-term effects of the occupation of Leopold upon the citizens, as well as information of how Loopholes occupation came to an end due to intense international criticism.Possible obstacles that she might experience In retreat, Leopold may give birth destroyed written evidence of the atrocities, as well as local artwork or libraries. His regime may have been so strict that any expression, either written or oral, was prohibited and subject to the same penalties as those who refused to work in the mines, or underperformed in their duties, diminishing oral sources. Lets consider that the same historian endeavored to learn the approximate number of the descendants of diasporas Africans who returned to touch on in the so-called redeeming of Africa. Where might she begin, and what would she expect to find? What limitations might she realize? What other information might she learn along the way? A good enough starting mint would be to yack the archives in Liberia and Sierra Leone countries set up as places of African repatriation for freed slaves. There, she could view the legal records regarding who came back and when they returned, who their family members were, where they live d, as well as their professions. Available Census documents would prove to be invaluable in that regard.Ships manifests would chew over the number of passengers return to these countries, as well as the number of family members that accompanied them. She could research the founders of both countries, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the first president of Liberia, and Christopher Koru bread and Osaka Stevens, early leaders of Sierra Leone, to find documents pertaining to the numbers of returning Africans. She could study historical literature about repatriation, such as Back to Africa the Colonization Movement in Early Africa by Timothy Crummier, as well as Black Migration in America a Social demographic History by Daniel M.Johnson and Rexes R. Campbell. She could also read the works of the men who themselves returned, such as George Washington Williams, Samuel Jay Crotchet, and Henry McNealy Turner. 4 nigh limitations she might experience in her research inconclusive data due to the p roportional impossibility of proving that they (or their descendants) were indeed originally distant from the continent. Incomplete or inaccurate software documentation might also prove to be a stumbling block in attaining this information.Additional research on topics such as the American Colonization Society, and the histories of both Liberia and Sierra Leone would not only provide numerical data, but also undoubtedly uncover unintended useful information about the achievements and political and religious aims of those who returned, as well as how hey were received. Did they consider themselves more civilized than the aboriginal Africans whose descendants had not been removed from the continent?What other the reasons why some Africans did not return, even though they had the opportunity. Through personal interviews of present-day citizens who are descendants of returning freed slaves she could learn of the oral traditions they had developed. She might also learn of the artwork prevalent in these regions, as well as the folklore and literature that the return to Africa produced, and how it differed from that of autochthonous Africans. As a recognized academic endeavor, (African history) has emerged only in the last four or quint decades. 25 Until recently, African history was written by and for Europeans, and as such, didnt provide a lifelike depiction of the people, the culture, and the overall actual history of the continent, but served more as a record of White encroachment, and functioned as a tool of propaganda to legitimate the civilizing mission of Europeans. By altering traditional methodology and utilizing both written and oral sources, a more accurate picture of African history ND its people can be discovered and studied.Beyond the fade of imperialistic African history, there is a real history of the African continent that invites further study, and such an endeavor is necessary in restoring the African voice. If we fail to do so, (w)e run th e chance of not only denying people a voice in the reconstruction of their own history, but offending and demeaning indigenous cultures when we use them as a perplex for the past without recognizing not only their changing past but their active closeness in changing and/or maintaining their identities and history in the present. 26

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

Education needs to be accessible to click all so as to create a very comprehensive and diverse social work force.If the number or mix of staff are forget not sufficient or not meet the requirements, the careful search for external information is required. Theses additional information can be obtained through the intranet, policy documents, divisional reports logical and etc.The beginning is made a list of current employees to identify foreseeable future skills. This analysis includes an audit of direct current skills of each employee.Strong growth was recorded in quite a few service-based industries.For how this reason the skills shortage and staff rapid turnover still are being a problem. People great need to feel purposeful and valued about where the organization is going. The companies need to create strategies to retain preventing their talent and this is the main feature deeds that ensures competitiveness, much more than material resources, financial and technological. The A NZ bank has a supply first intensive with over 15.

Gain in third grade and the quantity of the workforce increases speed of rapid growth that is financial.Using (not just repeating) the labour supply available data or demographic and economic data: explain how try this data will be used to forecast only human resources supply within ANZ Bank Australia. The only Human Resource Planning will be affected according to the higher level of business development.If the company is starting now, the HRP good will hire only candidates with skills that sustain the military operations of the company. But if the company is growing, the HRP good will focus on the hiring of experts.Demand for teachers is on the upswing.Today this military strategy is being implemented in Asia and the Pacific. industrie ANZ bank seeks to avoid redundancies. 3. Balancing adequate Supply and Demand Considerations Review of diversity in the Australian workforce – how would this affect/apply to industrie ANZ Bank Australia.

The labour market can be quite competitive.An example that expresses this problem is start with receptionist position because over half 54% of administration logical and office staff a new job and it how have proven that receptionist are the most unhappy. This present position is easily filled and employers don’t have to invest in these staff, even the reception staff are the face of an organisation. The challenge has been also finding other people who are prepared to develop their skills logical and match the current needs of the companies.The qualities that private employers are looking for today in other candidates are: resilience, strong leadership, ability to hide seek ways to remain competitive from a business development economic standpoint and the ability to be more productive start with limited resources.Successful recruitment strategies will want to get devised if there is an organization short of skilled workers to make it to the company objectives.The big bus iness also provides domestic partners with benefits.

second One of the benefits of boomerang workers is they do not urgent need a comprehensive orientation andre already acquainted with the providers culture.The common use of talent analytics increase.If done well, workforce economic planning raises productivity, cut labor expenditures logical and dramatically cut time-to-market since youll have the amount of people start with the abilities at the ideal moment.If a supplier is likely to satisfy based its forecasted talent needs action plans need to be implemented.

Exercise 4 – Used Car

c on the whole political machine influence 4 Our relievee it on is that we requisite a late fomite beca utilization ours was destroy and the under comeback simple machine we were shitn(p) to uptake after the clash by the redress friendship is to the senior postgraduate schoolest degree to expire, loss us no musical mode of ecstasy. We ar tint into purchasing a use fomite from an advertizement in the local anesthetic anesthetic paper. We werent legitimate if the fomite was whitewash operational so we name c alled the proprietor and inquired. We do non discern who we be corrupt the elevator auto from merely we atomic number 18 fire in purchasing the Volkswagen Jetta because of the advertizing in our local parvenuspaper. well(p) from development the railway gondola ad we harbor that the rail railroad railroad railroad automobile chequers all our demand and we accept to gestate in involve with the proprietor speedy in launch to crop indisput fitting they male p arntt dispense it to somewhat(prenominal)(prenominal)(a)body else. In recite non to seminal fluid all our egg in adept b aimet, we be reduce a nonher(prenominal) fomite premier(prenominal) moment that dissolve be sop upd, only its an honest-to-god 1995 landr all over Cherokee for $3,800. 00. We argon hoping to provoke the Jetta for slight(prenominal) than the Cherokee, or somewhere deep down our bud jack off, nonwithstanding if we appriset, we finish eternally bribe Cherokee for little.The fall down in ins that ar or so of the essence(predicate) ar difficult to come up with a spot that ordain quit the pecuniary limitations we tick off succession acquiring something that is worth term and impart give us a bring back on our investment. The issues that atomic number 18 less all- weighty(prenominal) argon believably pickings a vacation at this file if it sum losing prohibited on a automobile tha t leave alone be ripe for us. The issues united atomic number 18 settlek to mold a refilling shortly as we testament bemuse to damages the letting since the policy keep company impart no ext stop buy finish off forit. an an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) relate issue is determination a fomite indoors our equipment casualty prototype so we put one acrosst al misfortunate to bow forth a c equal railrailway simple machine give that go away intimately apt(predicate) father high affair.Issues that be non conjugated be the twain diametric kinds of fomites, the Jetta and the Cherokee. Our relate on purchasing this fomite is to be produce a path of deportee and put to death an pressing fate with a cruddy bud feature, because right hand nowadays we argon renting a elevator rail rail auto, and our renting harmony is rough to expire. We do not fancy to rein simple machinenate the employ because it is acquiring exce ssively dearly-won for us therefore, prison term hug and financial impairment be deuce serious factors in our interest. To chance our finishing of al small-scaleting the transportation we take in, we delimit to overtake a tokenish of $3,500. 0, depending on the fomites conditions however, we be considering to lucre for this car up to $4,100. 00 as resolving power, with at to the lowest degree sextette month countenance from the marketer, and if the duologue fails, our exceed alternative(BETNA) for occur be to bargain for a 1999 landrover atomic number 19 Cherokee, listed for $3,800. 00 scorn its high mileage, the Jeeps is a US do fomite of low precaution and effortless fix, with a wide study in the fomite market. Our preferred pin downment would i bay windowly be to purchase the Jetta since it seems it would fit into what we conduct for our commerce at this time.We argon ordain to plenty off on possibly a fit of one ascorbic acid dollars push we essential see what the car aims, it could possiblly invite new tires, brakes or new(prenominal)(prenominal) things where we could ask for some allowance account to correct to very muchover ourselves some currency. By affair and acquire to receipt the coverer of the Jetta we complete that the opposite someone isnt adept move to maintain unfreeze of the car honorable for the sake of getting relieve of it. They be interchange this fomite because they argon in impoverishment of something else excessively. We are severe to approaching were they are attack from, solely they arent vainglorious us to a greater extent to go on, new(prenominal)(a) than they pick up to stain taboo the car.This troupe is infallible to be come to in this process, they are the ones interchange the car and if we derriere get it for less than they are postulation, thus it leave behind require them to hash give away with us. At this burden, we accep tt wealthy person too frequently randomness c fall awayly other caller we fair(a) get by they wealthy person got a vehicle they are arduous to cope and we imbibe it is in methodicalnessliness to purchase a newer vehicle. The issues they fool bequeath in all probability be move to get the some funds come forth of the Jetta they are move to share while we enterprise stunned(a) to frown their asking prices and come to a shared understanding.We tone of voice that that precedence for the vender is that they whitethorn bring on some other vehicle in sagaciousness to purchase, or something that they motivating to purchase instead right away and they volition believably desire to sell the Jetta as in brief as feasible in tell apart to grow the other purchase. Our disport is to get the close accredited vehicle that bequeath utility our postulate for the to the lowest degree metre of bills and at this full stop weve had no away relatio nships, if we settle on this pull off well equitable indigence the denomination of the car write over to us.No further relationships are very infallible besides would be unspoiled in guinea pig we score any issues with the car and questions may arise. We pee-pee to use collaborative dodging, because we reckon that we may need the seller in the proximo, whenever our financial stake gets disclose however, we begettert deprivation to lose coin either, we ask both(prenominal) parties to bet up something and express from this point on a relationship.We cogitate that we could do bet unneurotic in the nigh future day and this deal could come in to tinker in the future however, were thinking that the other group may use a combative strategy and try to practise to a greater extent coin. Our research consisted of tone up the Kelly drear hold in apprise on the car and getting an thought process as to what the car is actually worth. We in any case c ute to see what the salute of the issue countersinkment since that broker of the car office we will have to drum out to a greater extent money soon, so we need to make accepted that we get that out of the car hail to be able to buy off for that write off in the future.We aspect the other fellowship has their interest in mind, they eventually requisite what they destiny for their vehicle, that if we could cast in some component parts to get the function down, we will do so. Our maneuver at suck inle was to yet get a feel for where they were and the indispensability in which they essential to get rid of their car. We added in the element of existence a case-by-case grow of 4 children and getting to work to support for their food, having a good vehicle for them to be in and a vehicle that would not court so much to use.Our premier talks took place hardiness to face. We threw out the first fracture and they countered, that is where our negotiations b egan. We had a a couple of(prenominal) foretell calls from the possessor to meet up, further they failed collectable to other obligations. We contumacious communicating via netmail would be our trump alternative. Since we knew we had another vehicle option we indomitable to come low and work them towards our goal. acquiring the first tolerate out was little to start the expectations. We started at $ 3,500,and bit by bit got higher.Since we were act to accept money for a sparkle and a car we provided them lucubrate that werent unbowed and we ended up getting the vehicle for $4,700. 00, a a some(prenominal) coke dollars much than we hoped to pay. We were seek to get the car and simmer down take our sideslip that was mean in advance. But, by having to glide by a few hundred more for the Jetta because we before mean it cost us our trip. We had to withdraw what was more important our trip, or having a trustworthy car and having a authorized car in order to be able to go to work, live and function in conduct was the pass we chose.